The Greenhouse effect and the Stefan-Boltzmann law

 

Author; Rogelio Pérez C

Summary;

The science of global warming is based on Stefan-Boltzmann's law, which states that the total radiation emitted by a body, E, is proportional to the temperature, T, elevated to the fourth power, when we apply this concept with the radiation emitted by the gaseous body called the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect theory, makes a mistake by attributing to 0.04% of this gaseous body (which is the volume of ghgs in the atmosphere), the temperature and radiation emitted by all the gas molecules that make up the atmosphere, let's not forget that temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy (movements) of all the gas molecules that make up the atmosphere. When we see that 99.96% of the atmospheric gases are not taken into account to explain the temperature and radiation emitted by 100% of the atmosphere, we can say that the theory of the greenhouse effect is not the best theory to explain the temperature of the gaseous body called the atmosphere.

Introduction;

The greenhouse effect theory tells us that greenhouse gases that are 0.04% of the gaseous body called the atmosphere, absorb radiation emitted by the earth's surface of 255 kelvin or -18 ° C, and ghgs return to remit this radiation in all directions at 14 ° C, the problem is that the Stefan-Boltzmann law when it tells us about the emission of radiation, it teaches us that it is the emission of a whole body, and this emission explained by the greenhouse effect is the emission of radiation of 0.04% of that body, so when the theory of the greenhouse effect omits the temperature and the emission of radiation of 99.96% of the gases of the atmosphere, therefore, this theory is not a good explanation of atmospheric heat.

Scientific theory:

The Stefan-Boltzmann law, derived by the Austrian physicists Josef Stefan (1835 - 1893) and Ludwig Boltzmann (1844 - 1906), which states that the total radiation emitted by a body, E, is proportional to the temperature, T, raised to the fourth power: E = σ * A * T⁴. 1

The greenhouse effect is a process in which thermal radiation emitted by the planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) and radiated in all directions. As part of this radiation is returned to the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere, resulting in an increase in the average surface temperature compared to what would be in the absence of GHGs.2

One part of the solar radiation that reaches Earth passes through the atmosphere, is reflected back into space; another reaches the ground and warms it. It emits heat (infrared radiation) and warms the atmosphere, since the heat is retained by the greenhouse gases.3

 

Without this natural greenhouse effect, the equilibrium temperature of the Earth would be about -18 °C. However, the average temperature of the earth's surface is about 14 °C, a difference close to 32 °C that gives us an idea of the magnitude of efecto.4

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in the system.5

Heat, is thermal energy transferred from a hotter system to a cooler system that are in contact.

We can calculate the heat released or absorbed using the specific heat capacity C, end the mass of the substance m, and the change in temperature ΔT, end text in the equation:  q=m×C×ΔT.  6

 

Results; Stefan-Boltzmann's law shows us how to know the radiation emission of the bodies, based on the temperature of these, the atmosphere is a gaseous body, composed mainly of nitrogen in 78,084%, oxygen in 20,943%, argon in 0,934% and CO2 in 0.04%, All these gases are at an average temperature of 14°C, all these gases emit radiation in all directions at 14 ° C because that is the temperature of the entire atmosphere, the greenhouse effect theory explains that greenhouse gases, which constitute only 0.04% of the atmospheric gaseous body, are responsible for global warming because they emit radiation that they absorb from the earth's surface of 255 kelvin or -18 ° C, And they reemit it at 14°C, in all directions, omitting or ignoring the other 99.96% of the atmospheric gases, now this 99.96% of the gases in the atmosphere, are not part of the gases that absorb infrared radiation, therefore they cannot take part in the theory of the greenhouse effect, but all the gases in the atmosphere are at the same temperature, and they emit the same radiation power in all directions, so we can say that infrared absorption is not the cause of the kinetic energy or temperature of the entire atmosphere, only 0.04% of the gases in it, so the greenhouse effect theory does not work to explain global warming.

Conclusion:

The theory of the greenhouse effect is a theory that explains the heat on the planet, by means of the hypothesis that certain gases in the atmosphere called greenhouse gases, take infrared emitted from the surface of the earth, and emit it again at a higher temperature, but it cannot explain or ignore why the other 99.96% of the gases in the atmosphere emit infrared radiation in all directions along with greenhouse gases to produce global warming, so we can say that by omitting 99.96% of global heat, this theory is not a good explanation of global warming.

Bibliography

1-  file:///C:/Users/MASTER/Desktop/radiacion.pdf

2-  Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

3-  Taking the Earth’s Temperature». American Chemical Society. Atmospheres (en inglés) 118 (8): 3213-3217. ISSN 2169-8996. doi:10.1002/jgrd.50359.

4-  Jones, P. D.; Harpham, C. (2013). «Estimation of the absolute surface air temperature of the Earth». Journal of Geophysical Research. CHAPTER 7. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT». acmg.seas.harvard.edu.

5-  https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/internal-energy-sal/a/heat

6-  https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/internal-energy-sal/a/heat